What Is Fitness?
Fitness is your body’s ability to function properly during activity and leisure times, being able to protect the body from diseases caused due to leading a sedentary life, and to be able to meet the physical and functional requirements during emergency situations. Your fitness can be divided into two concepts:
General Fitness – state of physical and mental health and well-being Specific Fitness – specific task or sport oriented fitness
For non-athletes, the five components of fitness are the best ways to determine your fitness. Scroll down to know what they are.
5 Components Of Fitness
For the general population, being healthy and fit is the main target. And health-related fitness aims at improving the overall well-being and functioning of the body. Here are the 5 components of fitness and how to measure them.
1. Body Composition
Body composition measurement helps you understand how much fat and muscle mass are present in your body. Your height, age, weight, bone structure, and the ratio of fat and lean muscle are all considered to find out your body composition (1). If you workout at a gym, I am sure your trainer must have asked you to get a body composition analysis (BCA) done so that depending on your goals (weight loss or muscle gain), he/she can help you reach your target. Here’s how body composition is analyzed.
How To Measure Body Composition
You can get your body composition measured professionally at the gym using calipers or a bioelectrical impedance machinei XAn equipment that estimates the fat and muscle mass composition by sending a small electric current through the body. . You can also use DEXAi XIt is a noninvasive medical imaging technique which uses low-intensity x-rays to scan the body composition. or BodPodi XA pod which measures body volume and weight. The computerized system displays the body density and body fat percentage. or hydrostatic weighing machinesi XUnderwater weighing technique which provides the most accurate measurement of body composition and body fat. , which are more accurate and recommended methods of measurement (1). All you have to do is follow the instructions of the technician, and a printed report will be generated and handed out to you.
Do This To Improve Body Composition
If you want to lose weight, your first goal should be losing the extra flab. Do cardio three days a week for one hour each day. Fill your diet with primarily whole foods such as whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and dairy. Minimize processed foods. Start strength training from Week 3, two days a week, one hour per day. This will help you build lean muscle mass and look toned. To gain weight, you must strength train to build lean muscle mass, eat healthy (same as above), sleep better, and take steps to minimize stress in your life.
2. Flexibility
Flexibility is the measure of the ability of your muscles to move to their full range of motion. Since most of us lead a sedentary life, the joints become immobile and lose their flexibility. As a result, you feel a sharp pain and tightness in your joints when you are asked to move your body parts to do certain movements. But being flexible will help you prevent joint injuries (2).
How To Measure Flexibility
In the lab, flexibility is measured using a flexometer or goniometer, and in the field, it is measured using zipper or sit and reach tests.
Do This To Improve Flexibility
Regular exercise, stretching, and yoga are great for increasing flexibility. If your joints are weak, wear joint support. Start slow, but be persistent.
3. Cardiovascular Fitness
Cardiovascular fitness determines if your heart and lungs are working in coordination. A study claims that exercising regularly can be beneficial for your cardiovascular health (3). Moderate levels of workouts lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality and developing heart diseases. However, vigorous exercises such as marathon running can have a detrimental effect on your cardiovascular fitness.
How To Measure Cardiovascular Fitness
In the gym or the lab, your cardiovascular fitness will be measured by calculating your VO2 max. You will be asked to run a 12-minute run, walk a mile, do other treadmill and bicycle tests, etc.
Do This To Improve Cardiovascular Fitness
You have to include cardio in your workout regimen. Start by walking and then increasing the pace of your walk and the distance. Move on to jogging, running, and sprinting. You must also play a field sport that includes body part movements and coordination of the brain and the body.
4. Muscle Strength
Muscle strength is the ability of your muscles to lift weight and exert a force against a resistance (4). For example, when you lift weights or a heavy box or a child, your muscles have to act against the gravitational pull to be able to lift the weight. The muscles have to contract and relax to complete the range of motion. Unless your muscles are strong and flexible, you will not be able to lift, push, and pull anything. Now, there are three classes of muscle strength: Elastic strength – The ability of the muscle to overcome resistance force by contracting quickly. Maximum strength – The greatest force possible in a single maximum contraction. Strength endurance – The ability to do the same contraction multiple times.
How To Measure Muscle Strength
The 1RM test is conducted in the lab on resistance machines to measure muscle strength. Dynamometersi XIt is a small handheld device that can be used to measure the force and muscle strength of a person. also can be used. Isometric and isotonic contractionsi XContraction of the muscle whereby the length of the muscle changes but the tension remains the same. For example: Squats and push-ups. also give information about muscle strength.
Do This To Improve Muscle Strength
Include strength training in your workout. Lifting weights on a regular basis or even doing bodyweight training will help improve your muscle strength.
5. Muscle Endurance
Muscle endurance is the measure of the ability of the muscles to perform the same task again and again without getting tired soon (5). For example, running a marathon is a typical example of muscle endurance power. It also shows how effectively your heart and lung muscles are working to keep your cells oxygenated and prevent fatigue.
How To Measure Muscle Endurance
In the lab and the field, muscle endurance is measured by counting the number of repetitions for an extended period. Running, jogging, and cross training are common ways to assess muscle endurance.
Do This To Improve Muscle Endurance
Practice your run/jog/planks/push-ups/bicep curls. Do a mixed workout 4-5 days a week. Eat healthily and set new targets for every week. Increase the sets and reps of your exercise over a period. These are the 5 components of fitness. But if you are an athlete, you have to step up your game. Here are a few extra components of fitness that you should take care of.
Other Components Of Fitness For Athletes
Agility Power Balance Coordination Reaction time
Why are the various components of fitness important in sports? These fitness components help you perform physical activities well, and they include a wide range of abilities. They also help you achieve stamina and the power to excel in sports activities. Why is it important to focus on all the components of physical fitness? Staying active and improving all the components of your physical fitness is key to maintaining your overall health and functioning well. These also can give you the strength to indulge in various physical activities. Is speed a component of fitness? Yes, speed is a component of fitness as it is the ability to move all or part of the body as quickly as possible.
